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Interleukin-1 receptor associated kinase 4 (IRAK-4), acting as a serine threonine kinase, is considered as a key signal node for the transduction of IL-1R family and TLRs signal pathway. Studies have found that IRAK-4 has a hand in many signal pathways, involving the inflammatory response of human joints, intestines, liver and nervous system, as well as other autoimmune diseases. It is also one of the causes of drug resistance of some cancer cells. Therefore, IRAK-4 tends to be an effective therapeutic target for inflammatory diseases and cancer. The prospects for the development of drugs in this pathway is to develop novel IRAK-4 small molecule inhibitors and investigate their safety and effectiveness, enrich the clinical treatment of inflammatory and cancer diseases finally. This paper classified and summarized the latest research progress on small molecule inhibitors of IRAK-4 signaling pathway according to structures of the compounds, in order to provide assistances and references for the research and development of related drugs.
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Radiation-induced intestinal injury(RIII), a common complication of radiotherapy for pelvic malignancies, affects the quality of life and the radiotherapy efficacy for cancer. Currently, the main clinical approaches for the prevention and treatment of RIII include drug therapy, hyperbaric oxygen therapy, and surgical treatment. Among these methods, drug therapy is cost-effective. Traditional Chinese medicine(TCM) containing a variety of active components demonstrates mild side effects and good efficacy in preventing and treating RIII. Studies have proven that TCM active components, such as flavonoids, terpenoids, phenylpropanoids, and alkaloids, can protect the intestine against RIII by inhibiting oxidative stress, regulating the expression of inflammatory cytokines, modulating the mitochondrial apoptosis pathway, adjusting intestinal flora, and suppressing cell apoptosis. These mechanisms can help alleviate the symptoms of RIII. The paper aims to provide a theoretical reference for the discovery of new drugs for the prevention and treatment of RIII by reviewing the literature on TCM active components in the last 10 years.
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Medicine, Chinese Traditional , Drugs, Chinese Herbal/pharmacology , Quality of Life , Intestines , AlkaloidsABSTRACT
Objective:To explore the effect of pectin on improving intestinal barrier injury in elderly stroke patients.Methods:A total of 60 elderly stroke patients who received enteral nutrition in Department of Critical Care Medicine of Taizhou People's Hospital from November 2020 to October 2021 were included. The control group included 30 cases, using conventional enteral nutrition solution. The other 30 cases were in the study group, and pectin was added on the basis of routine enteral nutrition solution. The levels of serum diamine oxidase (DAO) and D-lactic acid (D-LA) were measured on the first and 7th days of enteral nutrition to evaluate the intestinal barrier function of elderly stroke patients. The levels of interleukin-6 (IL-6), procalcitonin (PCT) and high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (CRP) were measured to evaluate the inflammatory response level of elderly stroke patients. The clinical prognosis of the two groups was compared.Results:Compared with the control group, the values of DAO [(4.05±1.56)ng/mL] and D-LA [(6.11±2.20) μmol/L] in the study group were significantly lower than those in the control group on the 7th day (all P < 0.05). Also the levels of IL-6 [(15.43±12.53) ng/mL], PCT [(0.82±0.98) ng/mL] and CRP [(6.94±6.60) mg/L] in the study group were lower than those in the control group, and the difference between the two groups was statistically significant (all P < 0.05). Compared with the control group, the length of ICU stay and total length of hospital stay in the study group were shorter than those in the control group ( P<0.05), but there was no significant difference in the incidence of stroke-related pneumonia (16.7% vs. 30.0%) and 30-day mortality (16.7% vs. 20.0%) between the two groups ( P>0.05). Conclusions:The enteral nutrition with pectin supplementation can improve intestinal barrier function and reduce inflammatory response in elderly stroke patients.
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Mitochondria is involved in many important physiological activities such as energy supply, signal transduction, cell differentiation, etc., and plays an significant role in the occurrence and development of diseases. Using mitochondria as a target is a new strategy for cancer treatment. The use of nanotechnology to construct a mitochondrial targeted nano-drug delivery system can improve the solubility of traditional drugs, prolong the half-life of drugs in the body, increase the bioavailability and concentration of drugs at the tumor site, and reduce the toxic and side effects of drugs. It is expected to solve the resistance in the process of tumor treatment. This review focuses on the field of cancer treatment. Firstly, it introduces the mechanism of mitochondrial targeted nano-drug delivery system for cancer treatment. Secondly, it outlines the design ideas, classification and application research of mitochondrial targeted nano-drug delivery systems in the past five years. Finally, it expands the analysis of other studies that target mitochondria, such as bionic vectors, and presents its advantages and disadvantages, which provide a basis for in-depth research on drug delivery systems in the future.
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When this paper was first published the following ethical statement was omitted in error: This study was carried out in strict accordance with the recommendations in the Guide for the Care and Use of Laboratory Animals of Tianjin Institute of Pharmaceutical Research. The authors would like to apologise for any inconvenience caused.
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Objective@#The purpose of this study is to investigate the status of freshmen s mental health literacy and its impact on mental health and to provide a reference for probing into the effectiveness and sustainality of curriculum education as the main channel of improvement of mental health literacy.@*Methods@#Mental health literacy questionnaire for Chinese adults and college students mental health screening scale were used to investigate 2 878 freshmen in a university in Wuhan. Mental health literacy was one of the indicators of course teaching evaluation. The curriculum intervention effect was investigated through pre-test, post-test and 10-month follow-up.@*Results@#The mental health literacy of freshmen (40.12±6.57) was higher than the national average level(35.81±8.06), but lower than the average level in terms of self-help mental health literacy(F=28.25，P<0.01). There were gender differences and urban-rural differences in mental health literacy. The mental health literacy of freshmen without psychological problems was significantly higher than that of freshmen with psychological problems(F=374.80，P<0.01). Structured course teaching significantly improved freshmen s mental health literacy, which were still significant after 10 months.@*Conclusion@#College freshmen s mental health literacy is generally great, and the mental health curriculum improved their mental health literacy.
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Berberis amurensis (Berberidaceae) is a traditional Chinese medicine, which is often used to treat hypertension, inflammation, dysentery and enteritis. It contains alkaloids, mainly including berberine, berbamine, magnoflorine, jatrorrhizine and palmatine. Berberis amurensis extracts (BAEs) is often orally taken. Oral herbs might be metabolized by intestinal bacteria in the small intestine. However, the interaction between the herb and the gut microbiota is still unknown. In the current study, UPLC/Q-TOF-MS/MS combined with Metabolitepilot and Peakview software was used to identify the metabolites of BAEs in anti-biotic cocktail induced pseudo germ-free rats and normal rats. As a result, a total of 46 metabolites in normal rats were detected and its main metabolic pathways include demethylation, dehydrogenation, methylation, hydroxylation, sulfation and glucuronidation. Only 29 metabolites existed in pseudo germ-free rats. Dehydrogenated metabolites (M29, M30, M34 and M36), methylated metabolites (M33, M41 and M46) and other metabolites were not detected in pseudo germ-free rats. The result implied that the intestinal bacteria have an influence on the metabolism of BAEs. Furthermore, this investigation might contribute to the understanding of the metabolism of BAEs, and further promote its clinical application.
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Animals , Rats , Alkaloids , Berberis , Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid , Drugs, Chinese Herbal , Tandem Mass SpectrometryABSTRACT
@#Objective To discuss the efficacy of type Ⅱ hybrid aortic arch repair for type A aortic dissection in patients of different age groups. Methods We retrospectively analyzed the clinical data of 126 patients with type A aortic dissection admitted to the Fuwai Hospital between January 2016 and December 2018, including 78 (61.9%) males and 48 (38.1%) females, with an average age of 61.8±6.9 years. The patients were divided into an elderly group (≥60 years, n=82) and a non-elderly group (<60 years, n=44). The preoperative, intraoperative and postoperative data of patients in the two groups were compared. Results The age between the elderly and non-elderly group was significantly different (65.9±4.1 years vs. 54.3±4.1 years, P<0.010), and no significant difference was found between the two groups in other preoperative baseline data. There were 6 (4.8%) patients of early death, 3 (2.4%) patients of stroke and 2 (1.6%) patients of paralysis. A total of 194 stents were implanted, and the average dimeter of the stents was 33.6±1.8 mm and the average length was 199.0±6.7 mm. The non-elderly group had shorter mechanical ventilation time (31.9±41.7 h vs. 61.0±89.2 h, P=0.043) and ICU stay time (77.8±51.4 h vs. 143.1±114.4 h, P<0.001) than the elderly group. There was no significant difference in in-hospital mortality rate, reoperation rate or survival rate between the two groups (P>0.05). Follow-up time was 1-43 (22.6±10.8) months, and 3 patients were lost. There were 104 (82.5%) patients of complete thrombus formation of false lumen in stent and endoleak was reported in 11 (9.2%) patients. Conclusion Type Ⅱ hybrid aortic arch repair offers an alternative approach to acute type A aortic dissection with acceptable early and mid-term clinical effects. The non-elderly patients have a similar early treatment effect to the elderly patients, but have a better mid-term outcome.
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Objective To understand the main serotypes, antibiotic resistance profiles and molecular typing characteristics of Listeria monocytogenes（LM) isolated from foods in Shandong Province from 2013 to 2016. Methods The antibiotic sensitivity of LM was tested by broth microdilution method. The serotypes were determined by slide agglutination and PCR, and the molecular typing was carried out by pulsed field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) and multilocus sequence typing(MLST) . Results Most of 191 LM strains were sensitive to the eight antibiotics tested. Tetracycline resistance was most prevalent (15/191, 7.85%). There was no significant difference in the 8 antibiotic resistance monitored for 4 years (P=1.000). The serotype 1/2a, 1/2b and 1/2c accounted for 38.82% (66/170), 18.82% (32/170), and 42.36% (72/170), respectively. The patterns of SDSRZXDZ016, S2014L031 and SDSRZX030, totally accounted for 33.78%, were the dominant types. The main ST types were ST9, ST8 and ST121, which accounted for 81.18% (69/85). The clinical common types, ST3, ST7 and ST87 accounted for 8.23% (7/85), mainwhile new ST type was not found. Conclusion The LM strains isolated in Shandong Province from 2013 to 2016 were sensitive to most antibiotics, but some strains were resistant to tetracycline and erythromycin. The dominant serotypes were 1/2c and 1/2a. Serotype 4b, prone to outbreaks of listeriosis, was not found. The main PFGE types were SDSRZXDZ016, S2014L031 and SDSRZX030, which were continuously found from 2013 to 2016. The main ST types were ST8, ST9 and ST121. The clinical types, ST3, ST7 and ST87 were isolated from food and should be paid seriously attention to.
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Objective:To analyze the general situation and traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) syndrome characteristics in patients with coronavirus disease-2019（COVID-19） in Anhui province, and to provide a basis for clinical diagnosis and treatment. Method:The 144 cases of COVID-19 patients in Anhui province were collected from designated hospitals by means of multi-center cross-sectional epidemiological survey. The TCM syndrome information collection table of patients with novel coronavirus pneumonia was created to collect the general data, etiology and pathogenesis, pulse and signs, syndrome type and frequency statistics of the patients, and then summarize and analyze the main symptoms and syndrome distribution characteristics of patients with novel coronavirus pneumonia. Result:The mean age of 144 patients with COVID-19 infection was （43.54±15.91） years old, and the number of males was larger than the number of females (9/7). The age distribution and gender difference of the patients were statistically significant (P<0.05). 36.11%（52/144） of the patients had a history of travel/residence in Wuhan/Hubei province, and 63.89% (92/144) of the patients had a history of close contact with the confirmed patients. The main clinical manifestations included fever, cough, diarrhea, fatigue and poor tolerance. Light red tongue and red tongue were dominant in tongue quality, with mainly greasy coating, slippery pulse, rapid pulse and soft pulse were the main types of pulse. The main types of syndrome differentiation were the common type (76.38%, 110/144), most of which were demonstrated as dampness obstructing the lung and spleen (56.25%, 81/144). There was no significant difference in gender composition and age distribution between two groups. Conclusion:The pathogenesis of COVID-19 patients in Anhui province is closely related to the lung and spleen, and the dampness caused by pathogen of the epidemic virus is the main pathological factor of disease, which is in line with characteristics of dampness epidemic in TCM, also can see concurrently "heat, poison, stasis" for a characteristic.
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Objective:To explore the role of heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) modified bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMMSCs) in improving hepatic microcirculation after reduced-size liver transplantation (RLT) in rats.Methods:BMMSCs were isolated and cultured in vitro by adherence method. Then HO-1/adenovirus (Adv) was transfected for constructing HO-1/BMMSCs. The "dual-sleeve" method was employed for establishing an acute rejection model after 50% RLT. Immediately post-operation, 1 ml normal saline (NS) and BMMSCs or HO-1/BMMSCs single cell suspension were injected. The changes of surviving rats were observed by parameters at Day 3/7/14 post-operation. Five rats were observed at each timepoint. The serum level of mitochondrial aspartate aminotransferase (mAST) was detected; Na+ -K+ -ATPase in transplanted liver was measured by chemical colorimetry; mitochondrial ultrastructural changes were observed under a transmission electron microscope. Portal vein pressure was detected by Power Lab at Day 7 post-operation; the expressions of endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS), inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and von Willebrand factor (vWF) in liver tissues were detected by Western blot. Liver histopathological changes were observed by hematoxylin & eosin stain. The expression of vWF was detected by immunohistochemistry and serum level of hyaluronic acid (HA) detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA).Results:HO-1/BMMSCs could significantly lessen the pathological injury and rejection of 50% reduced-size transplanted liver, improve mitochondrial damage and energy metabolism, promote the expression of eNOS, suppress the expression of iNOS, reduce portal pressure, up-regulate the expression of hepatic sinus vWF and HA degradation, protect hepatic sinusoidal endothelial cells (SECs) and ultimately improve hepatic microcirculation. And the differences were statistically significant as compared with NS/BMMSCs group ( P<0.05). Conclusions:HO-1/BMMSCs may play an important role in protecting rat liver by improving hepatic microcirculation during RLT.
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Objective To study the effect of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMMSCs) combined with normothermic mechanical perfusion (NMP) on biliary epithelial cells (BEC) after DCD donor liver transplantation in rats.Methods The third generation of BMMSCs and the BMMSCs modified by Ad/HO-1 (Ad/HO-1/BMMSCs) were cultured,identified and expanded in vitro.To establish a stable NMP system device in vitro.The DCD liver transplantation models were constructed in rats after cardiac ischemia for 30 minutes,220 SD recipient rats were randomly divided into sham operation group (S group,n=44) static cold storage (SCS group,n =44) group,and simple NMP group (P group,n =44),BMMSCs combined with NMP group (BP group,n =44) and BMMSCs modified by Ad/HO-1 combine with NMP group (HBP group,n =44),NMP group,BP group and HBP group were subjected to vitro perfusion for 4h.The group were taken at 0,1,7 and 14 days after transplantation and the relevant indicators were detected,n =6 in each group.The survival rate of the recipient rats,liver function and pathological changes of the bile duct were observed.The expression of cytokeratin 19 (CK19) protein in BEC was detected by immunohistochemistry and Western blot.Apoptotic biliary epithelial cells were detected by TUNEL staining and the expression of apoptosis-related protein caspase-3 was detected by immunohistochemistry.Results The survival time of HBP group was significantly prolonged for (5.6 ±0.8) d in SCS group vs.(18.4 ±2.0) d in NMP group,(20.5 ± 1.5) d in BP group,(82.5 ±3.2) d in HBP group,the differences were statistically significant (all P ＜ O.05).Compared with other groups,the HBP group and the BP group were significantly improved in liver function and biliary pathology,and the expression of CK19 protein in BEC was significantly increased [(0.81 ±0.02) in S group vs.(0.35 ±0.03) in SCS group,(0.47 ±0.02) in NMP group,(0.63 ± 0.02) in BP group,(0.77 ± 0.01) in HBP group on postoperative day (POD) 14],the differences were statistically significant (all P ＜ 0.05).The number of apoptosis and the expression of apoptosis-related protein caspase-3 in HBP group were significantly decreased [(10.0 ± 1.2) in S group vs.(57.3 ±5.5) in SCS group,(40.1 ±4.6) in NMP group,(32.0 ± 2.2) in BP group,(13.7 ± 3.1) in HBP group on POD 14],the difference was statistically significant (all P ＜ 0.05).Compared with the BP group,the protective effect of the HBP group was more obvious,and the difference was statistically significant (P ＜ 0.05).Conclusion By the method of the BMMSCs modified by Ad/HO-1 combined with NMP in vitro preservation of rat,DCD donor liver can significantly improve the effect of BEC on rats and the survival rate after liver transplantation.
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AIM: To investigate the expression of long non-coding RNA (lncRNA) PCAT19 in nasopharyngeal carcinoma tissues and cell lines, and to explore its molecular mechanism of inhibiting proliferation and invasion of nasopharyngeal carcinoma cells. METHODS: Real-time fluorescent quantitative PCR (qRT-PCR) was used to detect the relative expression of PCAT19 in nasopharyngeal carcinoma tissues and five nasopharyngeal carcinoma cell lines. The lowest expressing nasopharyngeal carcinoma cell line was transfected with empty plasmid (control group) or high expression PCAT19 plasmid (experimental group). qRT-PCR was used to detect transfection efficiency. MTS method and Transwell invasion test were used to detect the effect of overexpressing PCAT19 on the proliferation and invasion ability of nasopharyngeal carcinoma cells. Bioinformatics predicts target genes for PCAT19. qRT-PCR and Western blot were used to detect target gene expression at mRNA and protein levels. RESULTS: Compared with adjacent tissues, the expression of PCAT19 in nasopharyngeal carcinoma tissues was decreased (P<0.01). Compared with immortalized nasopharyngeal epithelial cells, the expression of PCAT19 in five nasopharyngeal carcinoma cell lines was significantly reduced (P<0.05), and the expression was the lowest in SUNE-1 cells (P<0.01). Transfection of high-expressing PCAT19 plasmid could significantly promote the expression of PCAT19 (P<0.01). High expression of PCAT19 could inhibit the proliferation ability (P<0.01) and invasive ability (P<0.01) of nasopharyngeal carcinoma SUNE-1 cells. The target gene of PCAT19 was miR-142-5p, the target gene of miR-142-5p was inhibitor of growth gene 3 (ING3). After high expression of PCAT19, miR-142-5p expression was significantly reduced (P<0.01), and the expression of ING3 at both mRNA and protein levels was significantly increased (P<0.01). CONCLUSION: PCAT19 expression is down-regulated in nasopharyngeal carcinoma tissues and cell lines. Up-regulating PCAT19 can inhibit the proliferation and invasion of nasopharyngeal carcinoma SUNE-1 cells. The mechanism may be that PCAT19 promotes the expression of ING3 gene by adsorbing miR-142-5p.
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Quality marker(Q-marker) is a new concept and pattern for quality control of traditional Chinese medicine(TCM),which will lead the development direction for quality control of TCM.Among them,how to characterize the overall quality attribute of TCM and its biological effect,is a critical scientific problem in the study of Q-marker.In this paper,integrated pharmacology is utilized to screen out and confirm the Q-marker from the complex system of TCM,so as to solve the critical scientific problem.System biology in vivo is firstly applied to establish the correlation of chemical fingerprints of TCM,their metabolic fingerprints,network targets,biological effects and efficacy of TCM,which is used to preliminary screen out Q-marker of TCM.Following that,a pharmacological method in vitro,including intestinal absorption in vitro coupled with bioactivity assessment,is employed to simultaneously determine the absorbed doses of TCM and evaluate their biological activity.Furthermore,data mining is utilized to establish the exact quantitative mathematic model between Q-marker of TCM and bioactivity.Meanwhile,two representative examples,including Yuanhu Zhitong tablets,Xinsuning capsules,are introduced to identify Q-marker of TCM and establish their quality standards related with bioactivity,which will be beneficial to improve the level of quality control of TCM and ensure the effectiveness and safety of clinical applications.
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Objective@#To investigate the protective effect of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMMSC) combined with normothermic mechanical perfusion (NMP) on biliary epithelial cells (BEC) in rats receiving donation after cardiac death (DCD) donor liver transplantation.@*Methods@#The BMMSC were isolated from male Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats aged 2-3 weeks and weighing 40-60 g, and then cultured, identified and expanded to the third generation in vitro. Male SD rats aged 6-8 weeks and weighing 200-220 g were divided into sham-operated group (Sham group), static cold storage (SCS group), simple NMP group (NMP group) and BMMSC combined with NMP group (BMMSC+NMP group) by random number table method with 44 rats in each group. The DCD donor liver transplantation models in rats were reproduced with 30-minute warm ischemic time. While the rats in Sham group merely received perihepatic ligaments-separation, which did not affect their liver blood supply, and then their incisions were sutured after 30 minutes. The DCD donor grafts in SCS group were preserved in the University of Wisconsin (UW) cold storage solution for 4 hours. While the DCD donor grafts in the NMP group and the BMMSC+NMP group were perfused with the DMEM/F12-based culture solution or combined with BMMSC for 4 hours through the established ex vivo NMP system. The orthotopic liver transplantation model was reproduced, and the survival rate of the recipients was observed at 0, 1, 7 and 14 days after liver transplantation. The biochemical liver function of rats in different groups was determined at each time point after operation. The morphological changes in bile ducts of liver grafts were observed by hematoxylin-eosin (HE) staining, and the expression of cytokeratin 19 (CK19) was determined qualitatively by immunohistochemistry and quantitatively by Western Blot after protein extraction from BEC in liver samples.@*Results@#The morphology, differentiation function and phenotypic identification of BMMSC confirmed that the stem cells used in this experiment were standard BMMSC. The survival rates of rats in the NMP group and the BMMSC+NMP group were significantly higher than that in the SCS group at 0, 1, 7 and 14 days after operation. The increase was more significant in the BMMSC+NMP group, with 100% on postoperative day (POD) 0, and the 14-day survival rate was still significantly higher than that in the SCS group and the NMP group [80.0% (16/20) vs. 20.0% (4/20), 70.0% (14/20), both P < 0.05]. As the time after liver transplantation prolonged, the liver function parameters of rats in the SCS group were deteriorated gradually, which reached the peak at 1-7 days after operation. The damage of biliary tissue increased gradually under the microscope, and the injury was most serious on POD 7 in the SCS group, showing a lot of balloon-like changes in hepatocytes, with obvious bile duct dilatation accompanied by large area inflammatory cell infiltration. Immunohistochemistry and Western Blot showed that the expression of CK19 in BEC cytoplasm was decreased gradually in the SCS group, reached the lowest on POD 7, and then gradually increased. The BMMSC+NMP group and the NMP group were significantly better than the SCS group in terms of liver function, pathological injury of biliary tract and CK19 expression in BEC, and the improvement was more significant in the BMMSC+NMP group. These results suggested that the protective effects of BMMSC combined with NMP on BEC was significantly better than that of the SCS and NMP.@*Conclusion@#Preservation of rat DCD donor liver by BMMSC combined with NMP can reduce the BEC injury after liver transplantation significantly, thus improving both the prognosis and the survival rate after transplantation.
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Objective To investigate the protective effect of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMMSC) combined with normothermic mechanical perfusion (NMP) on biliary epithelial cells (BEC) in rats receiving donation after cardiac death (DCD) donor liver transplantation. Methods The BMMSC were isolated from male Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats aged 2-3 weeks and weighing 40-60 g, and then cultured, identified and expanded to the third generation in vitro. Male SD rats aged 6-8 weeks and weighing 200-220 g were divided into sham-operated group (Sham group), static cold storage (SCS group), simple NMP group (NMP group) and BMMSC combined with NMP group (BMMSC+NMP group) by random number table method with 44 rats in each group. The DCD donor liver transplantation models in rats were reproduced with 30-minute warm ischemic time. While the rats in Sham group merely received perihepatic ligaments-separation, which did not affect their liver blood supply, and then their incisions were sutured after 30 minutes. The DCD donor grafts in SCS group were preserved in the University of Wisconsin (UW) cold storage solution for 4 hours. While the DCD donor grafts in the NMP group and the BMMSC+NMP group were perfused with the DMEM/F12-based culture solution or combined with BMMSC for 4 hours through the established ex vivo NMP system. The orthotopic liver transplantation model was reproduced, and the survival rate of the recipients was observed at 0, 1, 7 and 14 days after liver transplantation. The biochemical liver function of rats in different groups was determined at each time point after operation. The morphological changes in bile ducts of liver grafts were observed by hematoxylin-eosin (HE) staining, and the expression of cytokeratin 19 (CK19) was determined qualitatively by immunohistochemistry and quantitatively by Western Blot after protein extraction from BEC in liver samples. Results The morphology, differentiation function and phenotypic identification of BMMSC confirmed that the stem cells used in this experiment were standard BMMSC. The survival rates of rats in the NMP group and the BMMSC+NMP group were significantly higher than that in the SCS group at 0, 1, 7 and 14 days after operation. The increase was more significant in the BMMSC+NMP group, with 100% on postoperative day (POD) 0, and the 14-day survival rate was still significantly higher than that in the SCS group and the NMP group [80.0% (16/20) vs. 20.0% (4/20), 70.0% (14/20), both P < 0.05]. As the time after liver transplantation prolonged, the liver function parameters of rats in the SCS group were deteriorated gradually, which reached the peak at 1-7 days after operation. The damage of biliary tissue increased gradually under the microscope, and the injury was most serious on POD 7 in the SCS group, showing a lot of balloon-like changes in hepatocytes, with obvious bile duct dilatation accompanied by large area inflammatory cell infiltration. Immunohistochemistry and Western Blot showed that the expression of CK19 in BEC cytoplasm was decreased gradually in the SCS group, reached the lowest on POD 7, and then gradually increased. The BMMSC+NMP group and the NMP group were significantly better than the SCS group in terms of liver function, pathological injury of biliary tract and CK19 expression in BEC, and the improvement was more significant in the BMMSC+NMP group. These results suggested that the protective effects of BMMSC combined with NMP on BEC was significantly better than that of the SCS and NMP. Conclusion Preservation of rat DCD donor liver by BMMSC combined with NMP can reduce the BEC injury after liver transplantation significantly, thus improving both the prognosis and the survival rate after transplantation.
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Objective To study the characteristics and epidemic trend of Shigella in Shandong province through the analysis of serotype, virulence genes, molecular typing and drug sensitivity. Methods The serotype was classified using the method of slide agglutination. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was used to amplify the related virulence genes. The molecular typing was carried out by pulsed field gel electrophoresis (PFGE), and the antibiotic sensitivity of the strains was determined by micro-broth dilution method. Results The main serogroups of 44 Shigella strains were Shigella flexneri (54.55%) and Shigella sonnei (43.18%). The carrying rates of ipaH, Set1, Sen and ial were 100%, 43.18%, 56.82% and 50.00%, respectively. By PFGE typing, the strains of Shigella flexneri were divided into 18 patterns with a low similarity. The strains of Shigella sonnei were divided into 14 patterns, and the similarity of 89.47% of the strains was more than 90%. 44 strains of Shigella had different levels of resistance to 14 of the 15 antibiotics. 93.18% of the strains were multidrug resistant. Conclusion The Shigella in Shandong province is dominated by serogroups of Shigella flexneri and Shigella sonnei, with high virulence gene carrying rate, clustering distribution and severe antibiotic resistance. It is necessary to strengthen the monitoring on serotype, traceability and antibiotic resistance of Shigella in Shandong province.
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Objective Retrospectively reviewed the early outcomes of one-stop hybrid technique to treat coronary atherosclerotic disease concomitant with penetrating atherosclerotic ulcers (PAU).Methods This study enrolled in 23 cases (male 21,female 2) of coronary atherosclerotic disease concomitant with penetrating atherosclerotic ulcers from Jan 2016 to Dec 2017 in our institute,with the mean age(67.5 ±7.5) years (51-79 years).Coronary artery bypass graft (CABG) surgery was performed by cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB),the procedure to treat aortic arch lesion included isolated CABG + thoracic endovascular stent graft in 2 patients,CABG + brachiocephalic arteries debranching + thoracic endovascular stent graft in 18 patients,CABG + hybrid total aortic arch replacement + thoracic endovascular stent graft in 3 patients.Results Mean CPB time was(94.3 ±25.7) min(55-145 min),mean aortic cross-clamp time was (61.4 ± 19.3) min(26-97 min),intraoperative blood loss was (654.8 ± 78.7) ml (510-900 ml),20 patients (87.0％) needed blood transfusion therapy . Median mechanical ventilation time was 18 hours(9-249 hours),with 1 patient (4.3 ％)exceeded 48 hours.Median intensive care unit stay time was 2.8 days(1-23 days),with 6 patients(26.1％) exceeded 4 days.There was no in-hospital mortality.The postoperative complications included:paresis in 2 patients (8.7％),re-exploration for bleeding in 1 patient (4.3％),pleural effusion in 1 patient (4.3％),pneumothorax in 1 patient (4.3％),paraplegia、pulmonary infection、acute renal insufficiency、respiratory failure、re-intubation in 1 patient (4.3 ％).Conclusion The one-stop hybrid technique for treating coronary atherosclerotic disease concomitant with PAU was effective and safe.The early clinical outcome was satisfactory.Mid and long-term result need further follow-up to study.
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Objective To explore the effect and mechanism of heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) gene modified bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMMSCs) on rat reduced-size liver transplantation.Methods 50 male Brown Norway (BN) rats were used to prepare BMMSCs.Male Lewis and BN rats were 75,respectively.BN rats were randomly divided into model group (n =25),stem cell group (n =25) and combined group (n =25).Acute rejection models following 50％ reduced-size transplantaton were established in rats using two-cuff technique,1 ml of normal saline,BMMSCs suspension,or HO-1/BMMSCs suspension were injected immediately after surgery.Rats were executed at an instant,3rd,7th and 14th day after surgery to identify BMMSCs and HO-1/adenovirus infection efficiency.Evaluated hepatic pathology by HE staining.Liver function indexes were detected.Portal vein pressure on 7th day after surgery was detected.The levels of endothelin-1 (ET-1) and nitric oxide (NO) in serum were detected using ELISA.The expressions of ET-1 in liver were detected by immunohistochemistry staining and Western blotting.Results High purity BMMSCs were obtained and HO-1/BMMSCs were successfully infected.Compared with model group,liver tissue injury and rejection were alleviated in stem cell group and combined group,liver function was improved,and the combined group was superior to stem cell group.The portal vein pressure in model group,stem cell group,and combined group were 21.3±0.2 mmHg,11.2±0.2 mmHg,and 10.1±0.1 mmHg,respectively.The portal vein pressure in three groups showed a decreasing trend,difference was statistically significant (P＜0.05).On the 3rd,7th and 14th day after surgery,compared with model group,the expression levels of ET-1 and NO in the stem cell group and the combined group were decreased,and the combined group was significantly lower than stem cell group (P＜ 0.05).Conclusion HO-1/BMMSCs improved liver function and portal vein pressure after reduced-size liver transplantation in rats,and may play a protective role by regulating ET-1/NO expression.
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The standardization of compound nomenclature is of vital importance. The principles of standardization include scientificity, systematization, monosemy, openness, and back-translatability. The standardized compound names should also be cross-translatable from roots of the words and easy to remember. The article indexed 592 new active natural compounds, referencing 222 papers from 11 leading foreign periodicals and four domestic journals. The names of new compounds in the paper may be controversial, but the nomenclature was complied with the above principles of standardization.